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Translingual Negotiation Strategies Used by English Students to Build Classroom Interaction in Higher Education: A Case Study in Translation Class
<p> Menganalisis strategi negosiasi makna</p>
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Translingual Negotiation Strategies Used by English Students to Build Classroom Interaction in Higher Education: A Case Study in Translation Class
<p> MELIHAT STRATEGI NEGOSIASI MAKNA DALAM BERBICARA</p>
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The Construction of Negotiation for Social Harmony in Minangkabau West Sumatra Indonesia (Kontruksi Negosiasi Harmoni di Minangkabau Sumatera Barat Indonesia)
Minangkabau is one of the ethnic groups and also the name of their land in West Sumatra, Indonesia. To achieve harmonious life, Minangkabau people practice a negotiation tradition to solve problems and their interrelationship with other ethnic groups. Instead of a new invention, local elites have long-established this negotiation tradition since the declaration of adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah (the custom-built upon Islamic law, Islamic law built upon the Quran) as the identity of Minangkabau people. This declaration of identity resulted from the negotiation between local elites and religious elites in the past when they made reconciliation to build harmony together. Thus, the philosophy of adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah is a symbol rather than peace because it was formulated after the negotiation process between local and religious elites to end the conflict between them. This negotiation has brought the agreement that guarantees living side by side in harmony and building Minangkabau together. Eventually, the negotiation tradition becomes a daily practice for the Minangkabau community in making every decision and resolving problems in the community. If the decision-making or problem-solving is not carried out through negotiation, it often leads to disharmony in society. The negotiation tradition in the Minangkabau community is strengthened by joint meetings in determining and deciding various issues in which every party in the forum deliberate in creating a mutually acceptable agreement. Understandably, harmonious life can be achieved in a society when negotiation is widely practiced. In the Minangkabau community, the negotiation tradition does not come on its own, but local and religious elites have developed for a long time.
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Translingual Negotiation Strategies Used by English Students to Build Classroom Interaction in Higher Education: A Case Study in Translation Class
The aim of this paper is to reveal what kind of translingual strategies are practiced by the sixth semester students to build interaction in the translation class. This qualitative study conducted through observing students’ interaction in translation class (using English, Bahasa Indonesia and Minangkabau languages). The researcher found that four macro strategies proposed by Canagarajah (2013), envoicing, recontextualization, interactional and entextualization strategies were consciously used by students during communication. Envoicing strategies were used by way of word coinage, foreignization, as well as code switching and code mixing dominantly by students while asking and clarifying information. Recontextualization strategies were done through the use of feature of linguistic form such formulaic Islamic greeting in Arabic preceeding the talk. Interactional strategies used were confirmation check, check, clarification request and recast. Interestingly more competent students used simplification in communication and less competent speakers used leveling as entextualization strategies. The use of these strategies in speaking helps students (as speakers) to establish the classroom interaction.
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Translingual Negotiation Strategies Used by English Students to Build Classroom Interaction in Higher Education: A Case Study in Translation Class
Abstract - The aim of this paper is to reveal what kind of translingual strategies are practiced by the sixth semester students to build interaction in the translation class. This qualitative study conducted through observing students’ interaction in translation class (using English, Bahasa Indonesia and Minangkabau languages). The researcher found that four macro strategies proposed by Canagarajah (2013), envoicing, recontextualization, interactional and entextualization strategies were consciously used by students during communication. Envoicing strategies were used by way of word coinage, foreignization, as well as code switching and code mixing dominantly by students while asking and clarifying information. Recontextualization strategies were done through the use of feature of linguistic form such formulaic Islamic greeting in Arabic preceeding the talk. Interactional strategies used were confirmation check, check, clarification request and recast. Interestingly more competent students used simplification in communication and less competent speakers used leveling as entextualization strategies. The use of these strategies in speaking helps students (as speakers) to establish the classroom interaction.
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THE IDENTITY NEGOTIATION BETWEEN ADAT AND RELIGIOUS ELITES IN CONSTRUCTING SOCIAL HARMONY IN MINANGKABAU WEST SUMATERA INDONESIA
Minangkabau is one of the ethnicities in Indonesia originating from the province of West Sumatra. In their daily, life there are two most influential forces in the structure of the social dynamics of Minangkabau society, namely the force of the adat (tradition) and the force of the religion. Both have their respective identities; the adat identity supremes traditional customs and their symbols while the religious identity also has its own religious customs along with their symbols as well. Each has its own identity. Both groups have a bloody and devastating record of conflict in Minangkabau Islamic history. However,eventually, they can be reconciled and give birth to the dynamic of Minangkabau culture, by emphasizing the philosophical tradition of adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah (adat found upon Islamic law, Islamic law found upon Quran). Through this, the two groups can complement and negotiate each other to construct the harmonious dynamic of society.