ArticleOpen AccessPDF tersedia
2022•Artikel Penelitian dan Pengabdian
Abstract: Discussion of the obligations of mahram for women in carrying out the pilgrimage has been discussed since the period of classical scholars to modern age. In fact, for women the pilgrimage is a means of jihad for them. Various thoughts have been put forward by scholars to interpret the Hadith about mahram, starting from textual understanding, which still requires mahram, to the discovery of ‘illat. This last understanding leads to the conclusion that having mahram is no longer necessary because the security as ‘illat can be realized. It is in this connection that this paper aims to compromise between textual understanding and the study of ‘illat so that it can be a solution for women pilgrims. This study used a descriptive analytical method with ‘illat study approach. The results showed that security for women pilgrims can be realized by using the meaning of mahram in terms of language, namely people who are forbidden to marry each other, so that fellow women is also a mahram. Therefore, their departure together with other women can realize the demands of nash without leaving nash textually. Keywords: mahram; women; contemporary; ‘illat; security. Abstrak:Perbincangan kewajiban mahram bagi perempuan dalam melaksanakan perjalanan haji sudah dibicarakan sejak periode ulama klasik sampai kontemporer. Bahkan, bagi seorang perempuan ibadah haji merupakan sarana jihad bagi mereka. Berbagai pemikiran dikemukakan oleh ulama untuk memaknai hadis tentang mahram, mulai dari pemahaman tekstual, yang masih tetap mewajibkan bermahram, sampai kepada penemuan ‘illat. Pemahaman terakhir ini membawa kepada kesimpulan bahwa bermahram tidak diperlukan lagi karena keamanan sebagai ‘illat sudah dapat direalisasikan. Dalam kaitan inilah tulisan ini bertujuan mengkompromikan antara pemahaman tekstual dengan kajian ‘illat agar bisa menjadi solusi bagi jamaah haji perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripstif analitis dengan pendekatan kajian ‘illat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keamanan bagi jamaah haji perempuan dapat terealisir dengan menggunakan makna mahram dari segi bahasa, yaitu orang-orang yang haram saling menikah, maka sesama perempuan juga termasuk mahram. Oleh karena itu kepergian mereka bersama-sama dengan perempuan lainnya sudah dapat merealisasikan tuntutan nash tanpa meninggalkan nash secara tekstual. Kata kunci: mahram; perempuan; kontemporer; ‘illat; keamanan.
ArticleOpen AccessMetadata saja
2019•Artikel Penelitian dan Pengabdian
One of the people who have the right to receive the zakâh mentioned in the eight aṣnâf is fî sabîlillah (people who are in a jihâd). Jihâd and all the means relating to it are the initial meaning agreed upon by most of ulama. The term fî sabîlillâh has been understood further in the context of the construction of places of worship and Islamic centers. This meaning expansion the term fî sabīlillah certainly needs to be seen in relation to maqâṣid al-syarî‘ah, especially in relation to ‘illat as one of the main instruments of maqâṣid al-syarî‘ah. The discussion by using ‘illat concluded that the development of the meaning of fî sabîlillâh to other than jihâd is permissible as long as it is intended to help individuals who struggle for the sake of the establishment of religion by financing their activities. Furthermore, this meaning is more in line with maqâṣid al-syarî‘ah.
ArticleOpen AccessPDF tersedia
2018•Artikel Penelitian dan Pengabdian
Ḥisāb and ru’yat always be warm conversations when there is an early determination of Ramadhan and Shawwal. At that time, there are always two camps of scholars in reacting, the scholars who hold on to ḥisāb (calculating the calendar) on one side, and on the other hand hold to ru’yat al-hilāl (seeing the moon directly). This in turn often leads to time differences in setting the beginning of the month among Muslims. With the aim to unite the people in starting their worship, some scholars try to understand the texts of these traditions about ru’yat al-hilāl by trying to find the 'illat (reason) of the laws of hadiths about ru’yat al-hilāl. Their study of the 'illat law resulted in the conclusion that the ru’yat al-hilāl is only a suitable means for the people that time and may not suitable for Muslims in this modern era. Therefore Muslims must use other wasīlah (means) which further guarantee the realization of the purpose of law, namely modern astronomy. The conclusion of the law from the side of the discovery of ‘illat seems to be less suited to the purpose of ta'līl al-aḥkām, is to establish textual texts in addition to discovering the forms of development of the texts. [] Ḥisāb dan ru’yat selalu menjadi perbincangan ketika terjadi penetapan awal bulan Ramadhan dan Syawal. Pada saat itu selalu terjadi dua kubu ulama dalam menyikapinya, yaitu ulama yang berpegang kepada hisab di satu sisi, dan di sisi lain berpegang kepada ru’yat al-hilāl. Hal ini pada akhirnya sering menimbulkan perbedaan waktu dalam menetapkan awal bulan di kalangan umat Islam. Dengan tujuan untuk menyatukan umat dalam memulai ibadahnya, sebagian ulama berusaha memahami teks hadis-hadis tentang ru’yat al-hilāl ini dengan berusaha mencari ‘illat (alasan) hukum hadis-hadis tentang ru’yat al-hilāl. Kajian mereka terhadap ‘illat hukum menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa ru’yat al-hilāl hanya merupakan wasīlah (sarana) yang sesuai untuk umat di masa Nabi dan tidak cocok dipergunakan untuk umat Islam di era modern ini. Oleh karena itu umat Islam harus menggunakan wasīlah (sarana) lain yang lebih menjamin terwujudnya tujuan hukum, yaitu ilmu falak modern. Kesimpulan hukum tersebut dari sisi penemuan ‘illat agaknya kurang sesuai dengan tujuan ta'līl al-aḥkām menurut asalnya, yaitu untuk mengukuhkan naṣ secara tekstual di samping menemukan bentukbentuk pengembangan dari naṣ tersebut.
