Relevansi Teori Maṣlaḥah Najmuddīn aṭ-Ṭūfī terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia
This study examines the relevance of Najmuddīn aṭ-Ṭūfī’s theory of maṣlaḥah in bridging classical Islamic law and modern principles of human rights (HR). According to aṭ-Ṭūfī, maṣlaḥah holds an elevated epistemological status and may be prioritized over textual evidence (naṣṣ) in matters related to social transactions (muʿāmalāt), as long as it does not contradict the foundational principles of Sharia. This approach allows for a reinterpretation of religious texts to address contemporary social challenges such as gender equality, freedom of religion, and social justice. This research uses a qualitative approach through library research, relying on primary sources from aṭ-Ṭūfī’s works and supported by relevant secondary literature. It applies content analysis to explore aṭ-Ṭūfī’s thought systematically, especially the application of maṣlaḥah in relation to human rights issues. The findings indicate that aṭ-Ṭūfī’s theory of maṣlaḥah provides a methodological bridge between classical Islamic law and modern human rights values. His concept of the supremacy of maṣlaḥah opens space for a more responsive and contextual ijtihād, while remaining faithful to the objectives of Sharia (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah). However, the theory is methodologically restricted and cannot be applied to acts of worship or fixed legal rulings (qatʿī). Therefore, Najmuddīn aṭ-Ṭūfī’s concept of maṣlaḥah remains relevant in revitalizing Islamic law to remain applicable in a plural and dynamic modern society.