Abstrak
This thesis, entitled “Analysis of Mohammad Hatta’s Economic Thought on Usury (Riba) and Bank Interest from the Perspective of Islamic Economics,” examines the continuing debate over the legal and ethical status of bank interest in Islam. The study is motivated by the contrast between the majority view of contemporary Islamic scholars, who classify bank interest as riba, and Mohammad Hatta’s more contextual distinction between consumptive and productive interest. Its objectives are to analyze Hatta’s concept of riba and bank interest, identify the foundations of his economic reasoning, and evaluate the relevance of his economic reasoning to Islamic economics in Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach using historical and intellectual methods. Data were collected through library research on Hatta’s works, books, journal articles, and relevant studies on riba, interest, people’s economy, and Islamic economics. The analysis was strengthened by interviews with practitioners from banking institutions and cooperatives. Data were analyzed through reduction, presentation, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that Hatta viewed riba as an exploitative practice that violates social justice and burdens weaker economic groups. He rejected consumptive interest because it oppresses borrowers, but considered productive interest acceptable when used for business, investment, and economic development without exploitation. From the perspective of Islamic economics, Hatta’s thought is relevant to the principles of justice, maslahah, anti-exploitation, and people-centered welfare. However, his acceptance of productive interest differs from the dominant Islamic legal view that prohibits all bank interest. The study concludes that Hatta’s thought emphasizes substantive justice and contextual economic benefits for society at the national level.